InnovationAfrica » Technology http://www.innovationafrica.org Shaping the Future Today Wed, 08 Feb 2012 11:33:27 +0000 en hourly 1 A Bibliometric Study of Innovation Based on Schumpeter http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/12/a-bibliometric-study-of-innovation-based-on-schumpeter/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/12/a-bibliometric-study-of-innovation-based-on-schumpeter/#comments Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:35:22 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=6153 The aim of this paper is to analyze the production of the scientific innovation theme, based on the Economical Development Theory. The bibliometric study started from the seven categories derived from Schumpeter’s seminal text in articles from the following journals IJIM, JOTMI, RAI and RBI, published in the 2000 decade. Results have shown an increase [...]]]>

The aim of this paper is to analyze the production of the scientific innovation theme, based on the Economical Development Theory. The bibliometric study started from the seven categories derived from Schumpeter’s seminal text in articles from the following journals IJIM, JOTMI, RAI and RBI, published in the 2000 decade. Results have shown an increase in eleven new categories in the innovation realm, and the predominant categories are the ones that mention ‘organizational resources, capabilities and competencies, knowledge and learning’. The topic ‘new product’, from Schumpeter’s original text, was the third most investigated. We have come to the conclusion that the discussion of the subject innovation is far beyond the cases of innovation shown by his seminal author in the early twentieth century and, even though this may not be a theory of resources, this approach and other ones derived from it – such as the dynamic capabilities approach, the skills approach and the organizational knowledge approach – have now attracted the interest of the academy in recent years.
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]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/12/a-bibliometric-study-of-innovation-based-on-schumpeter/feed/ 0 Radical and Incremental Innovation Preferences in Information Technology: An Empirical Study in an Emerging Economy http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/12/radical-and-incremental-innovation-preferences-in-information-technology-an-empirical-study-in-an-emerging-economy/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/12/radical-and-incremental-innovation-preferences-in-information-technology-an-empirical-study-in-an-emerging-economy/#comments Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:33:11 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=6160 Radical and Incremental Innovation Preferences in Information Technology: An Empirical Study in an Emerging Economy Abstract Innovation in information technology is a primary driver for growth in developed economies. Research indicates that countries go through three stages in the adoption of innovation strategies: buying innovation through global trade, incremental innovation from other countries by enhancing [...]]]>

Radical and Incremental Innovation Preferences in Information Technology: An Empirical Study in an Emerging Economy Abstract Innovation in information technology is a primary driver for growth in developed economies. Research indicates that countries go through three stages in the adoption of innovation strategies: buying innovation through global trade, incremental innovation from other countries by enhancing efficiency, and, at the most developed stage, radically innovating independently for competitive advantage. The first two stages of innovation maturity depend more on cross-border trade than the third stage. In this paper, we find that IT professionals in in an emerging economy such as India believe in radical innovation over incremental innovation (adaptation) as a growth strategy, even though competitive advantage may rest in adaptation. The results of the study report the preference for innovation strategies among IT professionals in India and its implications for other rapidly growing emerging economies.
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]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/12/radical-and-incremental-innovation-preferences-in-information-technology-an-empirical-study-in-an-emerging-economy/feed/ 0 “Moore meets solar” http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/11/moore-meets-solar/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/11/moore-meets-solar/#comments Tue, 15 Nov 2011 13:25:17 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=5586 Moore’s law states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. This trend has continued for more than 50 years and has been largely responsible for the hugh investments and stunning innovation in the IT sector.

The delivered costs of enery from Photovoltaics (PV) in the US was [...]]]>

Moore’s law states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. This trend has continued for more than 50 years and has been largely responsible for the hugh investments and stunning innovation in the IT sector.

The delivered costs of enery from Photovoltaics (PV) in the US was cut in half between 2008-2010. These costs are expected to drop again in the next coming two years, which would make solar power less expensive than retail electricity is about 18 States in the USA.

Source: Wikipedia

Source: Wikipedia

This has led some to predict that Moore’s Law would have the same impact on the energy industry as it did in the IT sector. Oil companies would invest more in alternative fuels and this would drive innovation. The expected drop in solar costs has “the potential to revolutionize the hub-and-spoke power system, which currently makes up the power industry,”one expert is quoted as saying.

Such developments would have implications for Africa.  Since 1991 US 1.4 billion has been used to build Photovoltaic power stations across Africa. However, as evidence from South Africa shows, the cost of delivery remains higher than traditional energy from coal. South Africa is therefore waiting for the technology to advance to the stage where the price of PV equipment, installation and purchase is much lower, than the price of coal. This will make solar electricity a much more attractive proposition in the country in comparison to coal.

Perhaps, Moore’s Law can mark the  end of this wait.

Francis Stevens George

 

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Solar Revolution: The Economic Transformation of the Global Energy Industry Solar Revolution: The Economic Transformation of the Global Energy Industry :: Amazon In Solar Revolution, fund manager and former corporate buyout specialist Travis Bradford argues--on the basis of standard business and econo
]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/11/moore-meets-solar/feed/ 0 Measuring Creativity for Innovation Management http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/measuring-creativity-for-innovation-management/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/measuring-creativity-for-innovation-management/#comments Mon, 03 Oct 2011 19:08:48 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=5001 Identifying the extent and nature of the creativity of new products is a key for innovation management. The revised Creative Solution Diagnosis Scale (CSDS) is a 27-item scale based on a theoretical model of functional creativity, consisting of five main criteria: Relevance & Effectiveness, Problematization, Propulsion, Elegance and Genesis.

The CSDS offers potential for differentiated [...]]]>

Identifying the extent and nature of the creativity of new products is a key for innovation management. The revised Creative Solution Diagnosis Scale (CSDS) is a 27-item scale based on a theoretical model of functional creativity, consisting of five main criteria: Relevance & Effectiveness, Problematization, Propulsion, Elegance and Genesis.

The CSDS offers potential for differentiated assessments of product creativity as part of the larger process of innovation. Non-expert judges rated a series of mousetrap designs using a 30-item version of the CSDS. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a simple structure that corresponded closely to the a priori theoretical model of functional creativity. The untrained judges were able to use the scale with a high degree of reliability and internal consistency. The scale offers a tool for managing innovation, especially for stimulating creativity and diagnosing the creativity of products.
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]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/measuring-creativity-for-innovation-management/feed/ 0 Telecom Policy Innovation: the Role of Free Spectrum and Telecommunication Development in Rural Ghana http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/telecom-policy-innovation-the-role-of-free-spectrum-and-telecommunication-development-in-rural-ghana/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/telecom-policy-innovation-the-role-of-free-spectrum-and-telecommunication-development-in-rural-ghana/#comments Mon, 03 Oct 2011 19:04:25 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=4996 Every nation wants to achieve Universal Access of telecommunication services due to its importance to the economy and national life. Unfortunately in sub-Saharan Africa, telecommunication services are either scarce or non-existent in rural areas. However, previous telecommunication policies have enabled the provision of various network technologies in Africa. What type of policy is needed to [...]]]>

Every nation wants to achieve Universal Access of telecommunication services due to its importance to the economy and national life. Unfortunately in sub-Saharan Africa, telecommunication services are either scarce or non-existent in rural areas. However, previous telecommunication policies have enabled the provision of various network technologies in Africa. What type of policy is needed to push these telecommunication services into rural areas? This paper discusses the importance of issuing a using Free Spectrum policy to as an incentive to small telecom network operators in Africa. Ghana is used as a test case.
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Telecommunications and Rural Development: A Study of Private and Public Sector Innovation Telecommunications and Rural Development: A Study of Private and Public Sector Innovation :: Amazon This study assesses the potential that telecommunications advances hold for rural America and is the outcome of the third in a series of pol
]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/telecom-policy-innovation-the-role-of-free-spectrum-and-telecommunication-development-in-rural-ghana/feed/ 0 To Harmonize or Not to Harmonize? The Case of Cross-national Biotechnology Governance in Southern Africa http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/to-harmonize-or-not-to-harmonize-the-case-of-cross-national-biotechnology-governance-in-southern-africa/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/to-harmonize-or-not-to-harmonize-the-case-of-cross-national-biotechnology-governance-in-southern-africa/#comments Mon, 03 Oct 2011 19:00:07 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=5000 This paper is based on a study which investigated both existing and new regulatory responses to food emergencies and bigger challenges presented by modern gene-based biotechnologies. In particular, this paper looks at the challenge of cross-national cooperation in regulation of these technologies in southern Africa. One response to this challenge which has dominated policy agendas [...]]]>

This paper is based on a study which investigated both existing and new regulatory responses to food emergencies and bigger challenges presented by modern gene-based biotechnologies. In particular, this paper looks at the challenge of cross-national cooperation in regulation of these technologies in southern Africa. One response to this challenge which has dominated policy agendas in the region for a long time, and with more prominence after the 2002-2003 food emergency, is that of harmonization of national biosafety regulatory systems.

Harmonisation is touted by its promoters as one way in which countries can buttress weaker national and sub-national regulatory capacities, and develop synergies that will place them in a strong position to deal with the dynamic challenges presented by modern biotechnologies. The desire for cross-national cooperation in biotechnology management was investigated from the broader perspective of policy convergence, with harmonization being but one of the mechanisms towards the policy convergence.

A number of factors facilitating or inhibiting policy convergence were identified, including but not limited to cultural, institutional, socio-economic and policy community attributes. The paper concludes that an understanding of these factors is crucial if grounded empirical and theoretical proposals on cross-national policy convergence are to be advanced.
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Biotechnology, Agriculture, and Food Security in Southern Africa Biotechnology, Agriculture, and Food Security in Southern Africa :: Amazon This book brings together experts from within and outside Africa to discuss the current status of biotechnology in southern Africa, the conc
]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/10/to-harmonize-or-not-to-harmonize-the-case-of-cross-national-biotechnology-governance-in-southern-africa/feed/ 0 Innovation Management for Sustainable Development Practices in the Internalization Context http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/07/innovation-management-for-sustainable-development-practices-in-the-internalization-context/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/07/innovation-management-for-sustainable-development-practices-in-the-internalization-context/#comments Fri, 01 Jul 2011 13:58:52 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=4132 To provide new inferences on the relation between the management of technology information, sustainable development and the innovative performance of firms, a survey was carried out among Brazilian industrial enterprises with innovative characteristics.

The study sought to understand how technological innovation management practices that take social and environmental responsibility into account influence firms’ internationalization [...]]]>

To provide new inferences on the relation between the management of technology information, sustainable development and the innovative performance of firms, a survey was carried out among Brazilian industrial enterprises with innovative characteristics.

The study sought to understand how technological innovation management practices that take social and environmental responsibility into account influence firms’ internationalization process. The independent and dependent variables suggest that there is a connection between managing technology for sustainable development and innovative performance. We tried to identify the main technological management practices that reflect commitment to sustainable development.

The results suggest that firms’ international success and high degree of competitiveness are based on offering innovative technology solutions that show commitment to the environment. The study identifies important elements of an emerging area of knowledge in the field of management sciences.
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]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/07/innovation-management-for-sustainable-development-practices-in-the-internalization-context/feed/ 0 From Imitation to Innovation: A Study of China’s Drug R&D and Relevant National Policies http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/07/from-imitation-to-innovation-a-study-of-china%e2%80%99s-drug-rd-and-relevant-national-policies/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/07/from-imitation-to-innovation-a-study-of-china%e2%80%99s-drug-rd-and-relevant-national-policies/#comments Fri, 01 Jul 2011 13:53:11 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=4139

Research & Development (R&D) plays an increasingly important role in China’s pharmaceutical industry. To gain a competitive edge in the global pharmaceutical market, the current national strategy of China forcefully pushes for independent drug innovations. This article investigates the historical, legal, and institutional contexts in which China’s drug R&D has evolved. Based on an [...]]]>

Research & Development (R&D) plays an increasingly important role in China’s pharmaceutical industry. To gain a competitive edge in the global pharmaceutical market, the current national strategy of China forcefully pushes for independent drug innovations. This article investigates the historical, legal, and institutional contexts in which China’s drug R&D has evolved. Based on an analysis of the drug R&D evolution and national policies in China, it predicts the future trend of China’s policies relevant to drug innovations. This paper helps to understand the impact of national policies on drug R&D in China, which can be used to inform decision-making on investments in China’s pharmaceutical market or conducting technology trade and international cooperation with Chinese partners.

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]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/07/from-imitation-to-innovation-a-study-of-china%e2%80%99s-drug-rd-and-relevant-national-policies/feed/ 0 Innovation for Sustainability: Overcoming the Productivity of the Sugar-and-Ethanol Industry’s Conventional System http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/03/innovation-for-sustainability-overcoming-the-productivity-of-the-sugar-and-ethanol-industry%e2%80%99s-conventional-system-2/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/03/innovation-for-sustainability-overcoming-the-productivity-of-the-sugar-and-ethanol-industry%e2%80%99s-conventional-system-2/#comments Sun, 13 Mar 2011 19:07:48 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=3580 The article’s objective is to analyze a process of technological innovation incorporation in the realm of organic agriculture which, as per legal and conceptual definition, should take into consideration the economic, social and environmental aspects according to the proposals of sustainable development. This article presents the results of a case study carried out at Native [...]]]>

The article’s objective is to analyze a process of technological innovation incorporation in the realm of organic agriculture which, as per legal and conceptual definition, should take into consideration the economic, social and environmental aspects according to the proposals of sustainable development. This article presents the results of a case study carried out at Native Alimentos Orgânicos Ltd. , a Brazilian company producing organic sugar and ethanol with an exporter profile and responsible for the world’s largest organic agriculture project. The organic production system developed by the company demanded important innovation in the agricultural and industrial areas. The study shows that the choice for innovations that respond simultaneously to economic, environmental and social issues, besides being viable, is essential for the Brazilian sugar to access markets of developed countries. Thus the case shows that it is possible to innovate with profit and social and environmental concern simultaneously.
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]]> http://www.innovationafrica.org/2011/03/innovation-for-sustainability-overcoming-the-productivity-of-the-sugar-and-ethanol-industry%e2%80%99s-conventional-system-2/feed/ 0 WiMAX “better for mhealth” http://www.innovationafrica.org/2010/12/wimax-%e2%80%9cbetter-for-mhealth%e2%80%9d/ http://www.innovationafrica.org/2010/12/wimax-%e2%80%9cbetter-for-mhealth%e2%80%9d/#comments Sun, 12 Dec 2010 18:08:57 +0000 admin http://www.innovationafrica.org/?p=2817  

Mhealth is a topic attracting much of the limelight in the telecoms industry at present, and its regional importance was not lost this week with the Mobile Healthcare Industry Summit Middle East taking place alongside the [...]]]>

The telecom community will be fighting for LTE, while the health community is advocating the use of WiMAX

 

Mhealth is a topic attracting much of the limelight in the telecoms industry at present, and its regional importance was not lost this week with the Mobile Healthcare Industry Summit Middle East taking place alongside the main Telco World Summit event in Dubai.

Robert Istepanian, professor of data communications and director of mobile information and network technologies at Kingston University, London, courted controversy with his presentation on “4G health: The Long Term Evolution of mobile health.” Although Istepanian welcomed the advent of 4G, due to its all IP architecture and 100Mbps throughput, which offers lots of opportunities for mhealth in terms of diagnostics potential, he championed WiMAX as the enabler of mhealth services.

“The telecom community will be fighting for LTE, while the mhealth community is advocating the use of WiMAX,” he said. “There are many applications for which LTE will be useful, but I believe WiMAX will be a more viable infrastructure, especially for the developing world. Its performance is close to that of LTE and enough for 4G health applications.”

Moving on to 4G health in general, Istepanian’s main focus is on the development of mobile tools to help fight diabetes, a disease with a prevalence in the Middle East that is among the highest in the world. In Saudi Arabia alone around 21 per cent of health expenditure in 2010 was on diabetes and this figure is set to increase significantly. As a result, Istepanian believes that current mhealth services and applications will flourish very well in the fight against diabetes.

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